Rules and Regulations related to operating 2m band Radios

(Info based on an email from Laura Nelson, 10 October 2002 )

 ICASA is the governing body to regulate the airwaves.

ICASA has given SAHPA a blanket licence for South Africa to use the 141.600 and 141.625 frequencies.

But your radio is only allowed to operate those 2 frequencies.
What is not acceptable, is that we should be  operate radios which can be
manipulated from the keyboard. In other words, one is not allowed to listen
in to the police or ham radio frequencies or anything in that line, and our
radios should not be "open".

Radio equipment are supposed to be "type approved". The radios that are
acceptable are those with only our frequencies on them (i.e. 2 or more
channel radios pre-programmed for the SAHPA allocated frequencies).

There is a way to get out of this problem for the type of radios we are
using, and that is to get the Amateur Radio Licence. This seems to be not
too big a deal, from enquiries. The only hassle is that exams are only
at specific times during the year. The next exam is in February 2003 (at
least here in Gauteng). The exam costs R250, and one has to get a book
(maybe R60, maybe more) which will enable one to pass the exam. The licence
itself costs R27 per annum. Having that licence though, solves the problem
of being allowed to use our amateur radios.

On the website www.sarl.org.za (South African Radio League) there are test
questions which will assist the applicant to prepare for the exam. Look
under 'licensing' and 'rae'. (Unfortunately this url was unavailable when I
looked - hopefully it will be back on line soon - apparently it is being
upgraded at present.)

The SARL office can be phoned on (011) 675-2393.

Whether ICASA is going to be more strict and going to check up on our
equipment in future, is not clear. What is clear is that to be safe, no-one
should have the police (or other illegal) frequencies programmed into their
radios - there should only be the two SAHPA frequencies on there. It would
be advisable to get the amateur radio licence just in case.

SAHPA members with radios must have their licences from SAHPA for the
frequencies.

Another problem which was mentioned was the 12,5 kHz channel spacing - many
radios, especially the older ones, may not have the correct spacing, and can
cause interference with other frequencies close to the one in use. Have it
checked out and fixed, if necessary.



 
Quarter wave aerial for optimal reception


 The little rubber stubby aerial ona 2m band radio are not optimal for good reception and transmission.
An aerial should be the quarter wavelength used, to work optimal.
For 141.600 MHz , that is 51 cm.
Speed of light 300.000 km/sec divided by 141.600 000 000 waves per second gives roughly 2 meters.
That's why those radios are called 2 meter band.
And a quarter wavelength of 2 meters is around 50 cm.

 Our radios operate an FM mode. while airband radions , which operate from 118 - 136 MHz are in AM mode.
Means, we can not use our radios to talk to the aircrafts and air traffic controllers.
One requires anither radio which is an airband radio to do this.
Plus and radio operators licence


More info on Radio Operations

 Aviation Radiotelephony Base Operator Competency Course Syllabus

 Aviation Radiotelephony Base Operator Competency Course
 

  Phonetic Alphabet
 

Letter                                     Word                                                      Pronunciation

 

A                                             Alpha                                                       AL FAH

B                                              Bravo                                                      BRAH VOH

C                                             Charlie                                                     CHAR LEE or SHAR LEE

D                                              Delta                                                        DELL TAH

E                                              Echo                                                        ECK OH

F                                              Foxtrot                                                     FOKS TROT

G                                             Golf                                                         GOLF

H                                              Hotel                                                        HOH TELL

I                                               India                                                         IN DEE AH

J                                              Juliett                                                       JEW LEE ETT

K                                              Kilo                                                          KEY LOH

L                                              Lima                                                         LEE MAH

M                                             Mike                                                         MIKE

N                                              November                                                NO VEM BER

O                                             Oscar                                                      OSS CAH

P                                              Papa                                                        PAH PAH

Q                                             Quebec                                                   KEY BECK

R                                              Romeo                                                     ROW ME OH

S                                              Sierra                                                      SEE AIR RAH

T                                              Tango                                                      TANG GO

U                                              Uniform                                                    YOU NEE FORM

V                                             Victor                                                      VIK TAH

W                                             Whiskey                                                  WISS KEY

X                                              X-ray                                                       ECKS RAY

Y                                              Yankee                                                    YANG KEY

Z                                              Zulu                                                         ZOO LOO

 

NOTE:                      Syllables to be emphasised are written in bold.

 

 

10          Transmission of Numbers.
 

10.1      When the English language is used, numbers shall be transmitted using the following pronunciation.

 

Number                                 Pronunciation

 

0                                                              ZE-RO

1                                                              WUN

2                                                              TOO

3                                                              TREE

4                                                              FOW- er

5                                                              FIFE

6                                                              SIX

7                                                              SEV - en

8                                                              AIT

9                                                              NIN - er

Decimal                                                    DAY-SEE-MAL

Hundred                                                  HUN - dred

Thousand                                                TOU - SAND

 

10.2      All numbers except whole hundreds, whole thousands and combinations of thousands and whole hundreds shall be transmitted by pronouncing each digit separately.  Whole thousands and whole hundreds shall be transmitted by pronouncing each digit in the number of hundreds or thousands followed by the word Hundred or Thousand as appropriate. Combinations of thousands and whole hundreds shall be transmitted by pronouncing each digit in the number of thousands followed by the word Thousand and the numbers of hundreds followed by the word Hundred.

 

Number    Transmitted as                                                        Pronounced as

 

       10                     ONE ZERO                                                               WUN ZE-RO

       75                     SEVEN FIVE                                                            SEV-en FIFE

     100                     ONE HUNDRED                                                        WUN HUN-dred

     583                     FIVE EIGHT THREE                                                  FIFE AIT TREE

  2 500                     TWO THOUSAND FIVE HUNDRED                           TOO TOU-SAND FIFE HUN-dred

  5 000                     FIFE THOUSAND                                                     FIFE TOU-SAND

11 000                     ONE ONE THOUSAND                                             WUN WUN TOU-SAND

25 000                     TWO FIVE THOUSAND                                            TOO FIFE TOU-SAND

38 143                     TREE EIGHT ONE FOUR THREE                               TREE AIT WUN FOW-er TREE

 

10.3      Numbers containing a decimal point shall be transmitted with the decimal point in appropriate sequence being indicated by the word DECIMAL.

 

Number    Transmitted as                                        Pronounced as

 

118,1                       One One Eight Decimal One                    WUN WUN AIT DAY-SEE-MAL WUN

120,37                     One Two Zero Decimal Three                 WUN TOO ZE-RO DAY-SEE-MAL TREE SEV- en.

 

10.4      When it is necessary to verify the accurate reception of numbers, the person transmitting the message shall request the person receiving the message to read back the numbers.

 

11          Transmission of Time
 

11.1      When transmitting time, only the minutes of the hour are normally required. However, the hour should be included if there is any possibility of confusion.

 

Time                         Transmitted as                        Pronounced as

 

0803                        Zero Three or                                          ZE-RO TREE or

                                Zero Eight Zero Three                             ZE-RO AIT ZE-RO TREE

1300                        One Three Zero Zero                              WUN TREE ZE-RO ZE-RO

2057                        Five Seven or                                          FIFE SEV-en or TOO ZE-RO FIFE

                                Two Zero Five Seven                             SEV -en

 

11.2      Time used in aviation is UTC (Universal Time Constant) or Co-ordinated Universal Time.

 

 

12          Standard Words and Phrases
 

12.1      The following words and phrases shall be used in radio telephony communications as appropriate and shall have the following meaning given below:

 

Word/Phrase                                           Meaning

 

Acknowledge                       Let me know that you have received and understood the message.

 

Affirm                                    Yes.

 

Approved                              Permission for proposed action granted.

 

Break                                     I hereby indicate the separation between portions of the message.

(To be used where there is no clear distinction between the instruction and other portion of the message).

 

Break Break                          I hereby indicate the separation between messages   transmitted to different aircraft in a very busy environment.

 

Cancel                                    Annul the previous transmitted clearance.

 

Check                                    Examine a system or procedure.

 

Cleared                                  Authorised to proceed under the conditions specified.

 

Confirm                                 Have I correctly received the following........? or Did you correctly receive this message?

 

Contact                                  Establish radio contact with..........

 

Correct                                  That is correct.

 

Correction                            An error has been made in the transmission . The correct

version is...

 

Disregard                              Consider the transmission as not sent.

 

Expedite                                Hurry up/ Increase you speed while driving until you vacate the runway/ taxiway

 

Go Ahead                              Proceed with your message (only used for aircraft as per ICAO)

 

How do you read                 What is the readability of my transmission.

 

I say again                             I repeat for clarity or emphasis

 

Monitor                                  Listen out on ( frequency).

 

Negative                                No, or permission not granted, or that is not correct.

 

Read Back                             Repeat all, or the specific part, of this message to me exactly  as received.

 

Recleared                              A change has been made to you last clearance and this new

clearance supersedes your previous clearance or part thereof.

 

Report                                    Pass me the following information.

 

Request                                 I should like to know......, or I wish to obtain......

 

Say Again                              Repeat all, or the following part, of your last          transmission.

 

Speak Slower                       Reduce your rate of speech.

 

Standby                                 Wait and I will call you back.